There are four types of kidney stones: Calcium oxalate stones Thiazide reduces urinary calcium excretion Uric acid stones Potassium citrate – stones formed because of low urinary pH Cysteine stones – Tiopronin after dietary intervention Struvite This type of stone is found mostly in women with urinary tract infections.
Nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury
Fast Facts: Normal BUN: SCR = 10-15:1 = ATN (intrinsic acute kidney injury) Cellular Debris usually seen. Elevated BUN (20:1) or Urinary sodium < 20 or low Fractional Excretion of Sodium = pre-renal RIFLE Stratification of injury: Considered kidney injury when SCr increases 2 times baseline Failure when SCr increases 3 times baseline Risk of injury […]
Chronic Kidney Disease
KDOQI Staging Stage GFR Stage 0 >=90 with risks (diabetes, HTN, history) Stage 1 >=90 w/damage Stage 2 60-89 w/damage Stage 3 30-59 w/damage Stage 4 15-29 w/damage Stage 5 <15 KDIGO Staging: All in damaged kidneys. Stage GFR G1 >=91 G2 >=60-89 G3a 45-59 G3b 30-44 G4 15-29 G5 <15 Albuminuria: ACR A1 <30 A2 […]