Fluids

IV Fluid	Infused Volume	Intervascular Volume Expansion	Fluid Type
Normal Saline*	1000 ml	250 ml	crystalloid
Lactated Ringers	1000 ml	250 ml	crystalloid
Normosol and Plasmalyte	1000 ml	250 ml	crystalloid
D5W	1000 ml	100 ml	crystalloid
Albumin 5%	500 ml	500 ml	colloid
Albumin 25%	100 ml	500 ml	colloid
Hydroxyethyl Starch	500 ml	500 ml	colloid

Signs of volume depletion:

• Tachycardia >100 bpm, hypotension, SBP < 80, orthostatic changes, increase BUN:SCr ratio >20:1, dry mucous membranes, decreased skin turgor, reduced urine output, dizziness and improvement in HR and BP after 500-1000 ml fluid bolus.
• Crystalloids are recommended in volume depletion, colloids are not.
• *Risk for hypernatremia and hyperchloremia.